Planning
a Needs Assessment
Conducting
a needs assessment is one of the first steps in the instructional design process.
It helps a designer determine if training is the right answer to a company’s
performance problem, if the program has the right content and objectives, if
the trainees are properly skilled for the program, if it will actually deliver
the desired results, and if the training is actually necessary (Noe, 2011). There
are three step to a needs assessment; organization analysis, task analysis and
person analysis. I will use Whole Foods
Market as my example for demonstrating these three steps.
Whole Foods Market is the world’s
leader in natural and organic foods, and has more than 300 stores in North
America and the United Kingdom (wholefoodsmarket.com). The company that was started
in 1980 has a mission based on three things – whole foods, whole people and
whole planet. The company has 7 core values:
·
selling
the highest quality natural and organic products available
·
satisfying
and delighting their customers
·
supporting
team member happiness and excellence
·
creating
wealth through profit and growth
·
caring
about their communities and the environment
·
creating
ongoing win-win partnerships with their suppliers
·
promoting
the health of their stakeholders through healthy eating education
(wholefoodsmarket.com)
With almost any large venture taken in an organization a great first step is to get buy in. Because training is becoming a way to help companies achieve strategic goals I would include upper and mid-level manages, trainers, and employees (Noe, 2011). Whole Foods has an elaborate leadership team of regional presidents, VPs, officers and an impressive board of Directors, each of which is a stakeholder. There are also store managers, employees, certified partners and the most important stakeholder, the customer. Each of them has concerns and requirements for the training. Upper-level managers can help determine how the training is relevant to the company’s business strategy, the type of training that is needed, and who needs the training. Mid-Level managers can also help determine who needs the training, how it will affect the budget, and what positions will be positively impacted by the trainings. The trainers are “primarily interested in needs assessment to provide them with information that they need to administer, develop, and support training programs” (Noe, 2011).
The three steps to a needs analysis
are not performed in a particular order. But the organizational analysis is
usually conducted first because it can determine whether the training fits with
the company’s strategic objectives, and if the company has the time, budget or
expertise for the training (Noe, 2011). The company’s main focus is to sell the
highest quality food at the most competitive prices. This would require cutting
costs in other areas, and if money can be saved by improving employee
productivity with the training there is a great chance it will get the support
needed from management and trainers.
How does this
training align with the company’s seven core values?
Which of your
experts can help develop the program content?
What might customers,
certified partners, and stakeholders need to know about this training program?
How will this
training be perceived by our employees?
(based on questions from Nickols,
2005 & Tannenbaum, 2002)
The second step would be the person
analysis, to identify the employees that needed the training and “the factors
that influence performance and learning (Noe, 2011). I would interview several employees and look
for recurring trends in the interview data to measure person characteristics,
input, output, consequences, and feedback (Noe, 2011). To get a better
understanding I would ask the store and warehouse employees the following
questions in an interview setting:
Do you feel that
your new hire training fully prepared you for your current position?
Do you feel
motivated to do your job?
Does anything
keep you from feeling 100% successful in your work day?
Is there a skill
that you would like to learn that would help you do your job better?
The
final step would be the task analysis. This is a “description of work activities
including tasks performed by employees and the knowledge, skills, and abilities
to complete the tasks” (Noe, 2011). I would start this process by having
managers and workers give descriptions of the different positions. This could
be done using questionnaires and interviews. I would use these two techniques because
they are inexpensive and I can collect and summarize data from a great deal of
people (Noe, 2011). I would take the different descriptions and compare them to
the actual job descriptions the company keeps on file, to determine if there is
a collective understanding of the requirements for each job and task. Then I
would observe the actual work being done in each position to determine if the
workers have the ability to do the jobs and tasks. I will also take into
consideration the working conditions and the impact they have on the completion
of different tasks. By using an observation in this portion of the analysis
process I can be bale to generate data that is relevant to the work environment
while minimizing the level of interruptions (Noe, 2011).
If the performance problem is due to employees not having
the knowledge or skill needed to perform a task, training is most likely the
best answer. But this cannot be known until a needs assessment has been done. Even
if there is limited time and resources, it is wise to conduct even a small one
to determine your course of action.
References
Nickols, F.,
“Why a stakeholder approach to evaluating training”. Advances in developing human resources (February 2005): 121-134;
Noe, R. A. (2010). Employee training and development (5th ed.).
New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
Tannenbaum, S.,
“A strategic view of organizational training and learning”. Creating, implementing, and managing
effective training and development, ed. K. Kraiger (San Fransico:
Jossey-Bass, 2002): 10-52.
Photos from wholefoodsmarket.com
